Se analiza papel fundamental de notarías y oficinas de registro en legitimar estas apropiaciones, enfatizando un modelo de captura institucional reglada donde omisión y formalismo excesivo facilitan lavado jurídico del despojo.

In this text we will focus on what can be said with official and comparable sources about the structure of land ownership. We will analyze the geographical patterns and other relevant qualitative criteria between countries. 

The analysis of water resource access and management policies  reveals a structural paradox: an increasingly regulatory, which contrasts with the reality of implementation

Pilar Rivera-Franco, Ignacio Requejo, Isabel Suarez-Gonzalez. This study analyzes the factors that contribute to corporate social responsibility (CSR) persistence, focusing on the impact of performance aspirations, uncertainty, and family ownership. CSR is a strategic decision to achieve social and environmental goals, and adopting persistent behavior in CSR should encourage more substantive engagement. In accordance with the behavioral theory of the firm and the strategic persistence approach, firms that exceed their past performance should demonstrate heightened persistence in their past strategies. Therefore, we anticipate that companies performing above their aspirational level will exhibit higher CSR persistence. External factors such as uncertainty at a macro level may diminish CSR persistence due to a preference to pursue short-term profitable goals. Furthermore, we expect that the relationship between performance aspirations and CSR persistence will be boosted in family firms due to their unique goals. Our study is based on a sample of 512 listed European firms, from 2008-2020, and a panel data method. We find that performance above aspirations positively affects CSR persistence. Results also support that this effect weakens during periods of uncertainty, and we observe differences between family and non-family firms when it comes to the impact of performance aspirations on CSR persistence.

Pilar Rivera-Franco, Ignacio Requejo, Isabel Suárez-González. Firms face the challenge of choosing between corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices aimed at different stakeholders (internal and external). Striking the right balance is particularly complex in family firms (FFs), in which CSR practices become a vehicle to express their identity. Our goal is to study FFs' trade-off between internal and external CSR practices compared to non-FFs by drawing on the FF identity and socioemotional wealth perspectives. We analyze a panel of 423 European listed companies (3,918 observations) from 2008 to 2017. Our results show that FFs outperform non-FFs in overall CSR, with FFs' stronger efforts in internal CSR driving their better CSR performance. We also find that FFs' prioritization of internal CSR is more pronounced when CSR credibility at a country level is lower. However, a greater exposure of the family name reverses FFs' preferences and leads them to prioritize external stakeholders' interests.

Reynier Ramírez, Nelson Lay, Diego Baez, Harold Sukier. Introduction: The ecosystem is constantly changing, influenced by the rise of information and communication technologies, impacting the knowledge society globally, modifying its way of thinking, feeling and acting. This research seeks to describe the influence of responsible communication according to the dimensions of co-creation and citizen participation in students of the marketing and advertising program of the Department of Business Sciences at the Universidad de Costa, Barranquilla - Atlántico, Colombia. Methodology: Using a quantitative-explanatory approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, survey data were collected from a sample of 479 people, measuring six higher-order constructs for the variables of co-creation and citizen participation in their relationship with responsible communication. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to evaluate individual hypotheses about each dimension and two hypotheses for responsible communication. Results: The structural model showed significance in the influence that the two independent variables have on the level of responsible communication, with an explanatory power of 0.53. Furthermore, evidence was found against shared ideas and actions for the development of communication on the dimensions of responsible communication. Discussion and conclusions: The results showed that co-creation has a greater significant effect (0.85), followed by citizen participation (0.74), on responsible communication. Therefore, increasing co-creation in people, via innovation to interact, has a positive impact on responsible communication, and by improving citizen participation, through the management of technological resources, the level of responsible communication improves by 0.5 additional units. The research considered cross-sectional data, which capture the perception of the moment, lacking the evaluation of accumulated behavior, so a longitudinal measurement can show the effects on the adoption and maturity of responsible communication progressively, these reflections and contributions being ideal as recommendations for future research for the advancement of science, technology and innovation in the educational context.